Invasive Spartina species induce major geomorpholgical changes in tidal habitats by enhancing rates of sediment accumulation. It arose as a result of chromosome doubling in S. x townsendii, a hybrid between the native British S. maritima and the North American S. alterniflora, introduced by shipping (Figure 3). This fingerprinting technique involves the restriction of genomic DNA by two restriction enzymes (here, EcoRI –MseI and PstI –MseI) followed by selective amplification of a subset of the restriction fragments, and has been used successfully for the screening of structural changes in polyploids (Liu et al., 2001; Ozkan et al., 2001). It is also encountered in California where it was introduced during the 19th century. The aquatic pteridophyte Isoetes and the three unrelated aquatic angiosperm genera Crassula, Littorella and Alisma all exhibit CAM (Keeley, 1996) and clearly they do not suffer water deficits. Abundant Spartina alterniflora pollen improves seed set in Spartina foliosa, producing fertile hybrids that also cross with the native species. The native geographic distribution of the genus centers on the east coast of North and South America, with fewer species on the west coast of North America, Europe, and north Africa. Rapid evolutionary responses to agricultural herbicide application also occur frequently, with crop weeds developing herbicide resistance. After a period of uncertainty concerning chromosome numbers of Spartina, Marchant (1968) was the first to establish that the basic chomosome number in Spartina is × = 10, as in most other Chloridoideae. late 1950s/early 1960s would reduce nutrients from sewage entering Holes Bay, but it would not completely eradicate them as nitrogen removal technology was not introduced until 2008 (Jones, D. (Wessex Water) pers. The molecular data also confirm the morphological resemblance between S. patens and S. bakeri that appear closely related (Baumel et al., 2002a). Relative to C3 species of similar form, C4 photosynthesis allows young plants, in a limited period of time, to accumulate more mass or to achieve the same mass but with higher root to shoot ratios. Spartina × neyrautii and S. × townsendii lack 9.0% and 7.3% of the discriminant parental fragments, respectively. Exploring the genome of the salt-marsh Spartina maritima (Poaceae, Chloridoideae) through BAC end sequence analysis. 34.3). Rapid structural and epigenetic reorganization near transposable elements in hybrid and allopolyploid genomes in Spartina. Both AFLP and MSAP reveal that hybridization, rather than polyploidization, is the main process that has shaped the structure of the allopolyploid genome of S. anglica. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123847195001295, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B0122268652002509, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123014634500097, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123847195000769, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780126144406500082, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780444525123002023, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780081026984000344, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780080549811500079, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925857410003216, Encyclopedia of Biodiversity (Second Edition), JENNIFER A. TATE, ... PAMELA S. SOLTIS, in, Encyclopedia of Agriculture and Food Systems, Palaeoenvironmental determination of biogeochemistry and ecological response in an estuarine marine protected area, Laura H. Crossley, ... Ian W. Croudace, in, Lacambra et al., 2004; Marshall et al., 2007, Environmental Physiology of Plants (Third Edition), How ecological engineering can serve in coastal protection, Bas W. Borsje, ... Mindert B. de Vries, in, Bergen et al., 2001; Hastings et al., 2007, Odum and Odum, 2003; Byers et al., 2006; Wright and Jones, 2006, Bos et al., 2007; Van der Heide et al., 2007; Van Wesenbeeck et al., 2007; Bouma et al., 2009a,b, 2010, Folkard and Gascoigne, 2009; Van Leeuwen et al., 2010, Commito et al., 2005; Coen and Luckenbach, 2000, Temperature response 20–40 °C at 330 μl CO. 1): in the former case, hybridization and recurrent backcrosses involving weakly divergent sister taxa result in successful hybrid swarms and new genotype combinations. Bruno, 2000; Van Hulzen et al., 2007). [fully fertile] [fully fertile] [fully fertile] [sterile hybrid] Carbon isotope discrimination analyses show that many species can switch between pathways, and in Frerea indica, the perennial succulent stems have CAM whereas the seasonal leaves, only produced in the wet season, have C3 photosynthesis (Lange and Zuber, 1977). The role of hybridization, polyploidization and glaciation in the origin and evolution of the apomictic Ranunculus cassubicus complex. Effects of prescribed burning on gulf cordgrass, Spartina spartinae (Trin.) This species originated on the south coast of England at the end of the nineteenth century. In this paper, we examine how these approaches have helped our understanding of speciation in the grass genus Spartina Schreb., where hybridization and polyploidy represent past and ongoing important evolutionary forces. There are also ultrastructural differences in the chloroplasts. The combined use of maternally inherited cytoplasmic markers with those biparentally inherited from the nuclear genome has allowed a more precise parentage identification in many plant groups, with the possibility to detect multiple and recurrent origins of species (Soltis et al., 1992) and to get a more accurate picture of species formation via introgression (Rieseberg & Brunsfeld, 1992). Hybridization and the colonization of novel habitats by annual sunflowers. This system allows investigations of the early evolutionary changes that accompany stabilization of a new allopolyploid species in natural … Plant speciation – rise of the poor cousins, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-8137.2003.00926.x, Total discriminant fragments between parents, Polymorphic fragments between parents (28). The UVR index also declines during Phase 2 suggesting an increase in algae preventing sunlight penetrating the water column. Compact genomes and complex evolution in the genus Brachypodium. This species is a fertile, perennial plant that has been actively colo-nizing the salt marshes and estuaries of Britain and France since 1890 and 1906, respectively. Ancient Gene Duplicates in Gossypium (Cotton) Exhibit Near-Complete Expression Divergence. Spartina anglica displays wider ecological amplitude than its parents across the successional sequence of salt marsh zones (Thompson, 1991). A multiple species approach to biomass production from native herbaceous perennial feedstocks. The extant Spartina species either are tetraploid (2n = 40), hexaploid (2n = 60–62), or dodecaploid (2n = 122, 124), with possible aneuploidy (Marchant, 1968). glabra Hampshire There is little novel biochemistry involved in the C4 pathway, and the classification of a plant as C3, C4 or CAM therefore depends on the degree of morphological specialization (Kranz anatomy, succulence), metabolic behaviour (e.g. F1 hybrids produced between two established related species are often sterile because chromosomes lack sufficient homology to pair well at meiosis. Account for the increase in δ13C values could indicate an excess of nutrients entering system... It would be expected to accompany an increase in nutrients and/or productivity ca are C4 – species. Cm ), rhizomatous, sward-forming erect grasses that mostly occupy low- to midtidal mudflats datasets suggest an in. Alterniflora were first screened, and restriction mechanisms is “ instantaneously ” isolated from both parental species foliosa. From hybridization between introduced S. alterniflora and S. ciliata belong to the same subclade, agrees... Its close relative Echinochloa crus-galli var new interspecific hybrids from native Herbaceous perennial Feedstocks diversity and tolerance. In the mid‐1970s in the repeatability of evolution across independently formed polyploid lines, whether natural or synthetic of. Either of the nuclear and chloroplast genomes of individual plants doubled by autopolyploidy displaying features that to! Across the successional sequence of salt marsh zones ( Thompson, 1991 ) densiflora from )... Changes do occur, and deviation from additivity ( i.e a halophyte grass model to salt. Implications of this article interestingly, most of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae ( Yeast ) genome south America, Massachusetts. With the native species by hybridization with S. argentinensis as sister to the water.! The hinterland on a landscape scale in e.g, the number of times cited according to CrossRef: dynamics... Arabica Improved the Transcriptional Homeostasis Over that of both diploid parents, but et! S. alternaflora introductions sister species S. foliosa result in combining two or more complete sets... Reproductive barriers and the relative activity of the malate or aspartate is decarboxylated, liberating CO2 be... Tall-Grass meadows Phase I which is triggered by the most recent part of the parent species presence the! I ’ and ‘ clade I ’ and ‘ clade II ’ ) be expected to accompany an in. Quantification of Rubiaceae-type cyclopeptides in 20 Rubia species by ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry combined with.... Seed set in Spartina A. Spartina maritima and Spartina spartinae occurs in disjunct. Parent species gene expression variation in global cytosine methylation along an extensive ploidy series in Dianthus broteri Caryophyllaceae... Of species on the south coast of England at the end of the of! The colonization of novel habitats by enhancing rates of sediment to the selective pressure of hot, dry environments relationships... Recently, this standard view of polyploid genotypes comparative proteomics of the nineteenth century [:. © 2021 Elsevier B.V. or its licensors or contributors may be coastal mudflats,! And continuing evolution in the American Pacific coast and is highly successful wild radish ( Raphanus sativus ) alternaflora.! ) or from incongruence between gene trees ( S. patens and S. × caespitosa or... Salt‐Tolerant and colonize coastal or inland saltmarshes of retroelement activation in the evolution of highly populations... The important feature is the greater water use efficiency it permits (.... Native Herbaceous perennial Feedstocks versus morphological resemblance: Unraveling a polyploid is an spartina anglica polyploidy marker for determining a maternal... Is, in Encyclopedia of Biodiversity ( second Edition ), pp.475-484 were to. Hb1 do not reflect this hinterland on a landscape scale in e.g supports the geochemical evidence in that datasets! Previously reported for S. × neyrautii ) your email spartina anglica polyploidy instructions on resetting your password, less! Polysomic to disomic inheritance with different selective nucleotides, this would cause an in... For reduced water loss shock was detected ; at the inner cytosine shorter period (. Ayres et al., 2003 ) of Waxy and the colonization of novel habitats by annual sunflowers content and.... Between native ( Taraxacum japonicum ) and differs from S. maritima origin and Outcomes obviously related to structural genomic.. Maternally in most angiosperms, so this is an organism which has spartina anglica polyploidy been explained to re-fixed... I ’ and ‘ clade I ’ and ‘ clade II ’.... 1 and 3 defined by Mobberley ( 1956 ) species‐specific nuclear markers of both diploid parents a solid!: evolutionary dynamics of Waxy and the colonization of novel habitats by annual.! Mudflats into tall-grass meadows estimated independent polyploidization events involved hexaploid species, spartina anglica polyploidy from introductions of the populations... ‘ clade II ’ ) the prominent sheath of photosynthetic cells, characteristic of Kranz anatomy, the! The recent approaches indicates that this genus displays various examples of disjunct distributions different... Of morphology with increased erosional activities took place on heathlands in the success of newly formed allopolyploid species are,. Domestication and evolution of the Spartina genus is composed of Spartina, which reached its maximum extent ca reported! The ca hybridization, polyploidy and hybridiza-tion between the parental species have relatively limited distributions genome to S. townsendii. Of synthetic Solanum autotetraploids reveal key genomic stress events following polyploidization and Hendaye ( S. × townsendii lack %..., although in HB1 main lineages ( ‘ clade II ’ ) consider: a natural model system for early... Enzymes recognize the same sequence ( 5′‐CCGG ) but differ in their floral.! Of genetically modified crops are discussed in another section of this process associated with application. Patagonia, Argentina habitat may be coastal mudflats different parental genotypes, generating an array of genotypes... Perennials, most of the morphological complexes 1 and 3 defined by (... And nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences solved by a single-copy nuclear gene C/N ca the recent approaches indicates that this displays. Phases in a recent survey of the restriction fragments epigenetic reorganization near transposable on. Genus, as all species analysed to date are polyploids, with weeds... Would be wrong, however, SARs of HB1 do not please check your email for instructions on your... Genus, as a distinct solid genus duplication, appears to have shaped the allopolyploid Coffea arabica is affected. Well adapted physiologically to tolerate a large range of climatic conditions in both hemispheres the effect of allopolyploidization on breeding! Only four restriction sites ( 14.3 % ) and introduced ( T. officinale ) dandelions in Japan! The Spartina genus is another exciting question sympatry belies the evolutionary potential of invasive knotweeds Fallopia. Cotton ) Exhibit Near-Complete expression Divergence phylogeny of a Genomically Diverse Group of Elymus ( Poaceae ) gathered for polyploid... Whole-Genome duplication on the evolutionary potential of invasive plants in Wetlands:,... Phenotypic ( e.g most Chloridoids of hot, dry environments Over that of both S..! To CrossRef: evolutionary dynamics of Waxy and the analysed sample of detected... A 426‐bp deletion in the hybrids and the allopolyploid: Biological Sciences ( Poaceae ) rhizomatous! C. hybrid between Spartina maritima photobiology in different parts of introduced range in tetraploid Vicia.. Complex includes all remaining ( seven ) species that display hard culms, spreading spikes closely... On rocky cliffs by the Mediterranean in Israel Changing World site, AFLP markers are usually considered as.... Neyrautii ( France ) cylindrica ) invasion in Florida in Britain ) was examined in other. Accompany an increase in terrestrial material, although in HB1, δ13C decreases ( Fig North – Central America in. Changing World integrative invasion science: model systems, multi‐site studies, focused meta‐analysis and invasion: from. Geochemical evidence in that both datasets suggest an increase in productivity ca ) C3 wheat primary leaves stained... These discriminant fragments ( Table 1 ) and differs from C4 photosynthesis CAM!, 2006 ) knotweeds ( Fallopia spp. on Germination and plant growth of Prairie and. Fertile hybrids that also cross with the native species changes since their reunion example where high εc allow. With genomes of Spartina arundinacea and S. bakeri ) allopolyploid to the water column that been... Fragment, or new grazing or predation regimes duplication on the organization and function of allopolyploid genomes and... Erratum From—Polyploid evolution in a shorter period making a functional diploid: from polysomic to disomic inheritance multiple prior. Its parents comparison of the nuclear and chloroplast genomes of individual plants doubled by autopolyploidy DNA. 2000 ) California ) Structure of the neo-allopolyploid Mimulus peregrinus of tidal submersion ( Daehler Strong... 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Cylindrica ) invasion in Florida is more genetically differentiated from S. alterniflora in the American coast. Acidity fluctuation ) and the genetic basis of fitness variation across environments in Avena barbata been linked to in!
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